Perspectives of Using DES-Based Systems for Solid–Liquid and Liquid–Liquid Extraction of Metals from E-Waste

In recent years, the linear economic model and global warming have shown that it is necessary to move toward a circular model. this scenario, recycling of waste electrical electronic equipment (WEEE) with green processes one pending tasks; thus, in present review, advances solid–liquid liquid–liquid extraction processes, among most important for recovery metals from ores or WEEE, solvents such as deep eutectic (DES) are presented analyzed, identifying future challenges. To date, articles focused on be extraction, while few reports included entire hydrometallurgical process, which could due heterogeneity characteristic influences determining leaching kinetic mechanisms. A deeper understanding phenomenon would help improve process next stage extraction. This also leads fact that, at stage, considered synthetic pregnant leach solutions evaluate each variables, whereas stripping ions DESs continuous challenge should addressed work. From analysis, WEEE leaching, was identified acid those achieving best percentages copper, lithium, cobalt, others, where studied hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) choline chloride an (e.g., citric lactic acid) donor (HBD). For greater variety HBAs lidocaine, trioctylphosphine oxide triphenyl phosphate) HBDs decanoic acid, thenoyltrifluoroacetone, benzoyltrifluoroacetone) used; however, studies nickel stand out, pH temperature parameters great influence.